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A natural medium for wave propagation comprises a coupled bounded heterogeneous region and an unbounded homogeneous free-space. Frequency-domain wave propagation models in the medium, such as the variable coefficient Helmholtz equation, include a faraway decay radiation condition (RC). It is desirable to develop algorithms that incorporate the full physics of the heterogeneous and unbounded medium wave propagation model, and avoid an approximation of the RC. In this talk we first discuss a new overlapping decomposition framework that is equivalent to the full-space heterogeneous-homogenous continuous model, governed by the Helmholtz equation with a spatially dependent refractive index and the RC. Subsequently, we describe an efficient FEM-BEM algorithm for the equivalent wave propagation model in heterogenous and unbounded media.